ARCHE - The beginning

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Gonadarche

             1. Arche is the Greek word. Arche- beginning
             2. Gonadarche refers to the earliest changes of puberty. 
             3. In response to pituitary gonadotropins, the ovaries in female and the testes in male begin to grow and increase the production of the sex steroids, especially estradiol and testosterone.
             4. In male, testicular enlargement is the first phyical sign of gonadarche, and usually of puberty.
             5. In female, ovarian growth cannot be directly seen, so thelarche and growth acceleration are usually the first evidence of gonadarche.
             6. Gonadarche indicates that true central puberty has begun, while adrenarche is an independent process only loosely associated with complete puberty.
          

Adrenarche

            1. It is an early sexual maturation in some primates.
            2. During adrenarche the adrenal cortex secretes increased levels of androgens such as DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone or Androstenolone) and DHEAS (Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate), but without increased cortisol levels.
            3. Adrenarche is the result of the development of a new zone of adrenal cortex, the zona reticularis.
            4. It is the process related to puberty, but distinct from hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal maturation and function.


Thelarche

            1. It is the onset of secondary (postnatal) mammary developement, usually ocurring at the beginning of puberty in females.


Spermarche

            1. Also known as semenarche.
            2. It is the beginning of sperm in males testicles at puberty.
            3. One of the first events in the life of a male leading to sexual maturity.
            4. It occurs at the time when the secondary sexual characteristics are just beginning to develop.


Menarche

            1. In Greek, men- month+ arche- beginning
            2. It is the first menstrual cycle, or first menstrual bleeding, in female humans. 
            3. From both social and medical perspectives, it is often considered the central event of female puberty, as it signals the possibility of fertility.


Pubarche

              1. It refers to the first appearance of pubic hair.
            2. Pubarche is one of the physical changes of puberty but should not be equated with it since it may occur independently of complete puberty.
            3. Pubarche usually results from rising levels of androgens from the adrenal glands or testes but also result from exposure to an anabolic steroid.

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