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Do Calves or Heifers Produce Milk? Can a Cow Produce Milk Without going through Pregnancy?

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Many people will answer NO. But "YES", it can happen rarely. This condition is known as "precocious mammary development and lactation" A calf or heifer can produce milk without going through pregnancy due to following reasons. 1. Constant suckling by other heifers. 2. Feeding of estrogen containing plants (e.g. Alfalfa, Red clover) 3. Feeding of spoiled fodder that contains estrogenic mycotoxin (Zearalenone) 4. Presence of tumor in the granulosa cells of ovary, which raises blood estrogen concentration. 5. Placental transfer of steroid from mother to fetus stimulates milk secretion in newborn. Treatment Strategies *Isolation of affected animal for 6 wks will relieve the symptoms. *Remove estrogenic plants in the grazing area if any. *Replace dry fodders if it is stored for long term or wet. *Rectal palpation of ovary for tumor. Culling is the best option if it's present.      Artificial induction of milk production It is performed r...
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Top 10 Intriguing Facts About Sperm – An Unsung Hero

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            Spermatozoa are the only cell produced in our body destined to do their work in another body. No other cell has to undergo extreme environmental conditions as sperm does during its journey in the female reproductive tract to meet its counterpart oocyte (egg cell).  Source -  Sperm - A Hero            Scientists are trying their best to understand the sperm; however, we have not attained complacence in it as because sperm are highly specialized cells, who possess lots of gordian knots yet to be unraveled. The following list explores some of the intriguing discovered facts about sperm. 10. Sperm Production Source -  Sperm Production             The human testis is a mega factory, which can produce a whooping amount of 1500 sperm per second. Sperm are usually produced inside the seminiferous tubules of testis. A human testis consists of 800-1600 numbers of s...
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Which Animal Has The Longest Sperm In The World - Hard To Believe

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                     Sperm cell or spermatozoon is one of the most intriguing cell in the world. It is the only cell in our body that has been produced in one's body but has the work to do it in another. No other cell in our body has been exposed to the adverse conditions as like sperm undergoes during it's voyage to meet it's counterpart oocyte (egg cell). The size of sperm produced from human or domestic animal ranges from 50 μm - 70  μm (0.005-0.007 cm).               If any question arises that which animal produces the longest sperm on earth, definitely we suspect elephant or giraffe or blue whale. However, longest spermatozoa on earth is produced by a small male fly namely Drosophila bifurca , a tiny fruit fly . They produces a sperm like a ball of string. Scientists uncoiled and measured it from an end to end and found that it was of almost 5.8 cm (2.3 inch) long which is 1000...
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Different "EFFECT"s in Reproduction (Bruce, Whitten, Lee boot, Vandenbergh, Coolidge, McClintock, Dormitory, Audience effect)

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Bruce effect            1.   It is also known as pregnancy block effect.        2.  It refers to the spontaneous abortion or reabsorption of the embryo in the female by exposure to an unfamiliar male. Exposure to the odour of a strange male activates a neuroendocrine reflex leading to implantation failure. Whitten effect           1.  In the presence of adult male, his pheromones induce estrus in female.          2.  Female animals undergo estrus synchronization, if a group of female animals housed together with a male or when a male animal introduced into the group of females. Likewise, pheromones produced by male sheep and goats can induce out-of-season ovulation in females (“male effect”). 3. Nearly 50% of the does will be in estrus on the third day after introduction of a buck. Lee-Boot effect           Groups ...
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Sexual Differentiation in Domestic Animals - Flow Chart

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Sexual Differentiation in Domestic Animals - Flow Chart
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Andrological Horoscope

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  Andrological Horoscope -  Listen To Your Fingers You may have noticed the persons on roadsides who are predicting the future of persons by seeing their palm line pattern. I do not have an answer to prove the possibility of predicting the future of a person by their palm. However, I am going to tell how you can know about your past by the length of your fingers. Past means not about your previous year’s life, this is far beyond that. I am going to predict what was happened when you are inside your mother’s womb.  Is this sound interesting? Yes, by measuring the length of your fingers, you can find out whether you had been exposed to a higher level of male hormone (testosterone) when you are inside your mother’s womb. This is not like a simple palm line horoscope because so many scientific literatures are available and new researches also still going on in this aspect.   2D:4D ratio How to measure?        ...
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